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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Metabolic Profiling in Banana Pseudo-Stem Reveals a Diverse Set of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Nutritional and Industrial Applications

    Guiming Deng1,2,3, Ou Sheng1,2,3, Fangcheng Bi1,2,3, Chunyu Li1,2,3, Tongxin Dou1,2,3, Tao Dong1,2,3, Qiaosong Yang1,2,3, Huijun Gao1,2,3, Jing Liu4, Xiaohong Zhong4, Miao Peng4, Ganjun Yi1,2,3, Weidi He1,2,3, Chunhua Hu1,2,3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 1101-1130, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010970

    Abstract Banana (Musa spp.) is an ancient and popular fruit plant with highly nutritious fruit. The pseudo-stem of banana represents on average 75% of the total dry mass but its valorization as a nutritional and industrial by-product is limited. Recent advances in metabolomics have paved the way to understand and evaluate the presence of diverse sets of metabolites in different plant parts. This study aimed at exploring the diversity of primary and secondary metabolites in the banana pseudo-stem. Hereby, we identified and quantified 373 metabolites from a diverse range of classes including, alkaloids, flavonoids, lipids, phenolic acids, amino acids and its… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Promote Root Growth by Interfering with Auxin Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana

    Jiali Wei*, Ying Zou, Ping Li, Xiaojun Yuan

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 883-891, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010973

    Abstract TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) are widely used in the world, and a considerable amount of nano-TiO2 is released into the environment, with toxic effects on organisms. In the various species of higher plants, growth, including seed germination, root elongation, and biomass accumulation, is affected by nano-TiO2. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we observed that nano-TiO2 promoted root elongation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that nano-TiO2 elevated auxin accumulation in the root tips of the auxin marker lines DII-VENUS and DR5:: GUS, and, correspondingly, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that nano-TiO2 increased the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Changes of the Flowering Time of Trees in Spring by Climate Change in Seoul, South Korea

    Hyewon Kim1, Chanwoo Park2, Jong Hwan Lim2, Hye Woo Shin3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 1019-1033, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010649

    Abstract Flowering onset has attracted much attention in ecological research as an important indicator of climate change. Generally, warmer temperatures advance flowering onset. The effect of climate warming on flowering onset is more pronounced in spring because the difference between atmospheric and water temperatures creates more rapid convection than in other seasons. We analyzed the correlation between 73 species of spring woody plants in Hongneung Arboretum in Seoul, South Korea and the spring minimum temperature and average precipitation over the past 50 years (1968–2018). The spring minimum temperature and average precipitation have increased over the past 50 years, resulting in the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    2,4-D Hyper Accumulation Induced Cellular Responses of Azolla pinnata R. Br. to Sustain Herbicidal Stress

    Arnab Kumar De, Arijit Ghosh, Debabrata Dolui, Indraneel Saha, Malay Kumar Adak*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 999-1017, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.010828

    Abstract In the present experiment with ongoing concentration (0 µM, 100 µM, 250 µM, 500 µM and 1000 µM) of 2,4-D, the responses of Azolla pinnata R.Br. was evaluated based on cellular functions. Initially, plants were significantly tolerated up to 1000 µM of 2,4-D with its survival. This was accompanied by a steady decline of indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration in tissues with 78.8% over the control. Membrane bound H+ -ATPase activity was over expressed within a range of 1.14 to 1.25 folds with activator (KCl) and decreased within a range of 57.3 to 74.6% in response to inhibitor (Vanadate) application.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Characterization and Expression of Ammonium Transporter in Peach (Prunus persica) and Regulation Analysis in Response to External Ammonium Supply

    Meiling Tang1,2,#, Yuhe Li1,3,#, Yahui Chen1,4, Lei Han1,3, Hongxia Zhang1,3, Zhizhong Song1,3,4,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 925-941, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011184

    Abstract As the preferred nitrogen (N) source, ammonium (NH4+ ) contributes to plant growth and development and fruit quality. In plants, NH4+ uptake is facilitated by a family of NH4+ transporters (AMT). However, the molecular mechanisms and functional characteristics of the AMT genes in peach have not been mentioned yet. In this present study, excess NH4+ stress severely hindered shoot growth and root elongation, accompanied with reduced mineral accumulation, decreased leaf chlorophyll concentration, and stunned photosynthetic performance. In addition, we identified 14 putative AMT genes in peach (PpeAMT). Expression analysis showed that PpeAMT genes were differently expressed in peach leaves, stems… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Comparative Analyses and Phylogenetic Relationships between Cryptomeria fortunei and Related Species Based on Complete Chloroplast Genomes

    Yingting Zhang1,2,3, Junjie Yang1,2,3, Zhenhao Guo1,2,3, Jiaxing Mo1,2,3, Jiebing Cui1,2,3, Hailiang Hu1,2,3, Jin Xu1,2,3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 957-986, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011211

    Abstract Cryptomeria fortunei (Chinese cedar) is a highly adaptable woody species and one of the main forest plantation trees in subtropical high-altitude areas in China. However, there are few studies on its chloroplast (cp) genome. In this study, the complete cp genome of C. fortunei was sequenced and evaluated via comparative analyses with those of related species (formerly the Taxodiaceae) in Cupressaceae. The C. fortunei cp genome was 131,580 bp in length, and the GC content of the whole genome was 35.38%. It lost one relevant large inverted repeat and contained 114 unique genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNAs and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Grapevine Phenological Quantitative Trait SSR Genotyping Using High-Throughput HRM-PCR Analysis

    Murad Awad1, Photini V. Mylona2, Alexios N. Polidoros1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 905-923, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011235

    Abstract Discrimination among grapevine varieties based on quantitative traits, such as flowering, veraison and ripening dates is crucial for variety selection in the context of climate change and in breeding programs. These traits are under complex genetic control for which 6 linked SSR loci (VVS2, VVIn16, VMC7G3, VrZAG29, VMC5G7, and VVIB23) have been identified. Using these markers in HRM-PCR analysis, we assessed genetic diversity among a large collection of 192 grapevine varieties. The grapevine germplasm used encompasses the majority of Greek vineyard with 181 varieties, 3 prominent foreign varieties and 11 varieties of Palestinian origin. The SSR markers used were highly… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Chemical Constituents of Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis (Orobanchaceae), a Common Hemiparasitic Medicinal Herb from the Qinghai Lake Basin, China

    Feng Liu1,2,3, Zilan Ma1,2,3, Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz4, Hui Zhang5, Xu Su1,2,3, Yuping Liu1,2,3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 1083-1090, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011239

    Abstract Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis (Orobanchaceae) is an abundant parasitic herb mainly found in the Xiaopohu wetland of the Qinghai Lake Basin in Northwestern China. The species has an important local medicinal value, and in this study, we evaluated the chemical profile of its stems, leaves and seeds using mass spectrometry. Dried samples of stems, leaves and seeds were grinded, weighted, and used for a series of extractions with an ultrasonic device at room temperature. The chemical profiles for each tissue were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Twenty-seven amino acids and organic acids were identified… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Critical Yield Factors for Achieving High Grain Yield in Early-Season Rice Grown under Mechanical Transplanting Conditions

    Jiana Chen1, Ruichun Zhang2, Fangbo Cao1, Xiaohong Yin1,3, Tianfeng Liang3, Min Huang1,*, Yingbin Zou1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 1043-1057, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011361

    Abstract Double-season rice cropping systems occupy a large portion of the rice production area in southern China. Because the problem of insufficient labor, mechanical transplanting (in contrast to the manual transplanting) was become more attractive in double-season rice system. However, the decisive yield factors which resulting in high grain yield of early-season rice are unclear under mechanical-transplanted conditions. In present study, the field experiments were conducted in the early season in 2017 and repeated in 2018 in Santang Town, Hunan Province, China. Ten early season rice cultivars (Zhuliangyou 819, Lingliangyou 268, Lingliangyou 104, Luliangyou 996, Xiangzaoxian 24, Xiangzaoxian 32, Xiangzaoxian 45,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Genome-Wide Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with β-glucan Traits in a Hulled and Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Population

    Longhua Zhou1,2,#, Ting He1,2,#, Guimei Guo1,2, Jing Li1,2, Ruiju Lu1,2, Yingbo Li1,2,*, Chenghong Liu1,2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 987-997, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011728

    Abstract Barley grain is a valuable source of β-glucan, which is an important component of dietary fiber with significant human health benefits. Although the genetic basis of β-glucan biosynthesis has been widely studied, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) is still required for a scan of the candidate genes related to the complex quantitative trait based on the high-quality barley reference genome. In this study, a GWAS was conducted using a population composed of 87 barley landraces (39 hulled and 48 hulless, β-glucan from 2.07% to 6.56%) with 191,098 nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers to cover the chromosomes with the highest density. The… More >

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