@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Z. Dovey, C. M. Corbishley, R. S. Kirby},
TITLE = {Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: a risk factor for prostate cancer},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {12},
YEAR = {2005},
NUMBER = {Suppl.1},
PAGES = {49--52},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v12nSuppl.1/63382},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) is an
increasingly common finding at ultrasound guided
prostate biopsy, with the high grade form (HGPIN)
thought to be “precancerous”. With the more widespread
use of extended biopsy protocols, taking sometimes up to
14 cores or more, the incidence of HGPIN can be up to
25%. Histologically, it has many features in common
with cancer of the prostate and has been shown to be both
associated with cancer at the time of its finding and
predictive for the development of prostate cancer in the
future. Basic science research has demonstrated genes
common specifically to both prostate cancer and HGPIN
and immunostaining studies of microvessel density may
help to differentiate HGPIN from lower risk PIN. There
are no active treatments for HGPIN although there are
trials to assess the effectiveness of hormonal therapy and
nutritional supplements. Currently most urologists
recommend that patients should be followed at 6 monthly
intervals with regular PSA and repeat biopsies as
indicated.},
DOI = {}
}