@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Andrea Mancuso, Cora N. Sternberg},
TITLE = {New treatments for metastatic kidney cancer},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {12},
YEAR = {2005},
NUMBER = {Suppl.1},
PAGES = {66--70},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v12nSuppl.1/63386},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of adult
malignancies and 90%-95% of neoplasms arising from the
kidney. It is characterized by a lack of early warning signs,
diverse clinical manifestations, resistance to radiation and
chemotherapy, and infrequent but reproducible responses
to immunotherapy with agents such as interferon alpha
(IFN-α) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). International studies have
shown objective response rates of < 15% in patients with
advanced and metastatic disease, with 5-year disease-specific
survival ranging between 0-20%. Considering these poor
outcomes, renal cancers’ very vascular nature and
overexpression of receptors for vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF), various biologic and angio-suppressive
therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials. Promising
results in terms of overall response rate and median time to
progression have been reported especially as second-line
therapy following cytokine failure, a setting where no
effective systemic therapy has been recognized (SU011248,
Bay 43-9006, Bevacizumab and Erlotinib). While
confirmatory studies are ongoing, other novel treatments
in first line trials (CCI-779, Infliximab, PTK-787, and
Thalidomide) have drawn international attention. This
review, analyzing basic translational research principles,
will summarize the available data on the use of these new
therapeutic approaches in RCC.},
DOI = {}
}