@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Nathan Hoag, Peter J. Pommerville, Pamela C. Kibsey, Douglas J. Cavers, Richard J. Eddy},
TITLE = {Tuberculous epididymitis following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin  immunotherapy},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {16},
YEAR = {2009},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {4589--4591},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v16n2/62201},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used 
as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of superfi cial bladder 
cancer. BCG is administered as a live, attenuated form of 
Mycobacterium bovis, and acts as an immunomodulary 
agent to delay tumor progression. BCG is generally 
well tolerated, though localized and systemic infectious 
complications may occur. A literature search revealed that 
tuberculous epididymitis is a rarely reported complication of 
intravesical BCG therapy. We report the case of an 82-year-old male who developed tuberculous epididymitis while 
undergoing intravesical BCG treatment for transitional 
cell carcinoma of the bladder. Right orchiectomy was 
performed, followed by rifampin and isoniazid therapy 
once M. bovis was identifi ed as the infectious agent. The 
patient responded well to these treatments, and made a 
full recovery. Tuberculous epididymitis is an uncommon 
complication resulting from intravesical BCG therapy, 
which is likely explained by retrograde migration from the 
prostatic urethra in this case.},
DOI = {}
}