@Article{,
AUTHOR = {John S. Kell},
TITLE = {Prostate-specifi c antigen tests and prostate  cancer screening: an update for primary care  physicians},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {17},
YEAR = {2010},
NUMBER = {Suppl.1},
PAGES = {18--25},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v17nSuppl.1/63037},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy. Using 
serum prostatic-specifi c antigen (PSA) levels to screen 
for prostate cancer has led to a greater detection of this 
cancer, at earlier stages. However, screening for prostate 
cancer by determining PSA levels remains controversial. 
Concerns include the risk of overdiagnosis and conversely, 
the failure to detect all prostate cancers. This article, aimed 
at primary care practitioners, reviews the characteristics of 
an ideal screening test, in relation to the characteristics of 
the PSA test. It then discusses the implications of recent 
fi ndings from two large, randomized, prospective screening 
trials: the American Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and 
Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) screening trial and the European 
Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer 
(ERSPC) trial. The latter trial demonstrated a modest 
survival benefi t from PSA screening. Lastly, the article 
summarizes recommendations from recently updated 
guidelines about PSA testing from the American Urological 
Association (AUA), and it discusses when a primary care 
practitioner might refer a patient to a urologist.},
DOI = {}
}