@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Jack M. Zuckerman, Bijan Shekarriz, Jyoti Upadhyay},
TITLE = {High pressure vaginography to diagnose vaginal ureteral ectopia in patients with continuous urinary incontinence},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {20},
YEAR = {2013},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {6603--6606},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v20n1/61639},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {<b>Introduction:</b> Continuous urinary incontinence in female patients can be a diagnostic dilemma if traditional imaging fails to identify a source. Vaginography has been used to diagnose vaginal ectopic ureters in the past with mixed results.<br/>

<b>Materials and methods:</b> Institutional review board approval was obtained for a retrospective review. Five teenage females with continuous incontinence and prior negative imaging work ups underwent high pressure vaginography. Their findings and treatment outcomes are reviewed.<br/>

<b>Results:</b> A vaginal ectopic ureter was diagnosed in each of the five patients at a mean age 15.8 years. Each had undergone prior magnetic resonance urography that was non-diagnostic. Four of the five were managed surgically with resolution of their incontinence. One was lost to follow up.<br/>

<b>Conclusion:</b> High pressure vaginogram should be considered during the work up of female patients with continuous urinary incontinence, especially when other imaging modalities fail to identify an etiology.},
DOI = {}
}