@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Martin Miner, Jack Barkin, Matt T. Rosenberg},
TITLE = {Testosterone deficiency: myth, facts, and controversy},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {21},
YEAR = {2014},
NUMBER = {Suppl.3},
PAGES = {39--54},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v21nSuppl.3/63003},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {Testosterone deficiency (TD) afflicts approximately 30% 
of men ages 40-79 years, with an increase in prevalence 
strongly associated with aging and common medical 
conditions including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. 
There appears to be a strong relationship between TD 
and metabolic syndrome, though the relationship is not 
certain to be causal. Several studies have suggested 
that repletion of testosterone in deficient men with 
these comorbidities may indeed reverse or delay their 
progression. While testosterone repletion has been largely 
thought of in a sexual realm, we discuss its potential 
role in general men’s health concerns: metabolic, body 
composition, and its association with decreased all-cause 
mortality. <br/>
Recent guidelines and studies have suggested variable 
prevalence statistics and expanded uses of testosterone 
repletion in certain populations with both biochemical 
and clinical signs of testosterone deficiency. Yet, this is 
not done without risk. A recent randomized placebocontrolled trial of testosterone repletion in elderly frail 
men with limited mobility has suggested potential negative 
cardiovascular risks in this older, sicker group of men. 
Two more recent retrospective studies of variable clinical 
design and interpretation suggest testosterone poses an 
increased cardiovascular risk in older men than 65 years 
and younger men with heart disease. This review examines 
these and other studies, with practical recommendations 
for the diagnosis of testosterone deficiency and repletion 
in middle aged and older men, including an analysis of 
treatment modalities and areas of concern and uncertainty.},
DOI = {}
}