@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Jack Barkin, Matt T. Rosenberg, Martin Miner},
TITLE = {A guide to the management of urologic dilemmas for the primary care physician (PCP)},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {21},
YEAR = {2014},
NUMBER = {Suppl.3},
PAGES = {55--63},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v21nSuppl.3/63004},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {Patients with urologic conditions may present to a primary 
care physician (PCP) in the emergency department or in 
the PCP’s office. Some conditions are true emergencies 
that require immediate surgical intervention. Others may 
require medical treatment or possibly simply reassuring 
the patient that there is no serious medical problem. 
Sometimes the diagnosis can be easily made, whereas 
other times the PCP needs to be able to rule out serious 
causes for a presenting problem and execute a guidelinerecommended patient work up, to make a final diagnosis. 
Sometimes recommended diagnostic tests may not be 
readily available. When a PCP believes that a patient 
may have a serious urologic condition and is unsure of the 
appropriate patient management strategy, then he or she 
must quickly refer the patient to a urologist. This article 
describes common urology-related issues—hematuria, 
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test interpretation, 
phimosis and paraphimosis, acute scrotal pain and 
masses in the child and adult, urinary tract infection, 
renal colic, and castration-treatment-induced bone loss. 
It provides insights into decision-making processes for 
patient management of some urologic conditions, and 
information about managing sequelae and side effects 
of long term treatment. It includes practical diagnostic 
suggestions and patient management strategies based on 
the authors’ years of urologic clinical practice experience.},
DOI = {}
}