@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Frank T. D’Arcy, Nathan Lawrentschuk, Rustom P. Manecksha, David R. Webb},
TITLE = {Renal track creation for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: the history and relevance of single stage dilation},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {22},
YEAR = {2015},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {7978--7983},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v22n5/61221},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {<b>Introduction:</b> Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) 
was described in the 1980s and revolutionized the 
treatment of stone disease. The crucial component to this 
surgery is satisfactory track creation. We examine how the 
development and production in the 1980s of a single stage 
dilator (SSD) subsequently modified for pediatric PCNL 
has become the ideal access tool for mini percutaneous 
nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) today.<br/>
<b>Materials and methods: </b>The conception, production, 
scientific and clinical development of the original SSD 
is described. The pitfalls of track dilation in general 
according to method of dilation are also discussed and 
outlined. <br/>
<b>Results: </b>This study provides evidence clarifying 
commonly held misconceptions about the origin of SSD 
which is the mainstay of the mPCNL technique.<br/>
<b>Conclusions:</b> Percutaneous renal surgery continues 
to evolve. In less than 40 years stone surgery has 
transformed from a morbid open operation to a number 
of minimally invasive, routine techniques. The SSD has 
been an innovation that has played a crucial role in this 
change.},
DOI = {}
}