@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Ryan Fitzpatrick, Luke F. Reynolds, James D. Watterson, Luke T. Lavallée, Trevor A. Flood},
TITLE = {Recurrent nephrolithiasis associated with  keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {23},
YEAR = {2016},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {8577--8580},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v23n6/61113},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {Keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia 
(KDSM) in the renal pelvis is a rare condition with 
unclear malignant potential. Recent reports suggest it is 
likely benign and favor endoscopic treatment approaches. 
Medical record review was completed on two cases at 
our center to obtain history, physical examination, 
radiographic findings, and management. A literature 
review was completed to identify all published cases of 
KDSM. Both patients at our center suffered recurrent 
urolithiasis, hypothesized to be secondary to KDSM. 
Both were managed with a percutaneous approach to 
ensure complete stone and KDSM plaque removal. Our 
cases highlight that percutaneous surgery is an excellent 
management option for stone and KDSM eradication 
from the collecting system. This approach also allows 
adequate oncologic surveillance of the underlying 
urothelium.},
DOI = {}
}