@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Brian J. McArdle, Patricia Vidal, Sarah P. Psutka, Courtney M.P. Hollowell},
TITLE = {T4 urothelial carcinoma in undiagnosed closed bladder exstrophy in a post-menopausal female},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {25},
YEAR = {2018},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {9214--9216},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v25n1/60891},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {It is rare to see an adult presenting with exstrophy of 
the bladder. Malignant conversion in exstrophy occurs 
in 4%, with adenocarcinoma as the most common 
histopathology. We report the first case of metastatic 
high grade urothelial carcinoma with squamous and 
sarcomatoid differentiation arising from undiagnosed, closed bladder exstrophy in a female at advanced age 
with associated bilateral deep vein thrombosis and clot 
retention. The patient developed clinical progression of 
disease despite neoadjuvant gemcitabine-cisplatin and 
salvage (or palliative) radiotherapy. To the best of our 
knowledge, this is the first reported case of a primary 
urothelial malignancy in occult bladder exstrophy.},
DOI = {}
}