TY  - EJOU
AU  - McArdle, Brian J. 
AU  - Vidal, Patricia 
AU  - Psutka, Sarah P. 
AU  - Hollowell, Courtney M.P. 

TI  - T4 urothelial carcinoma in undiagnosed closed bladder exstrophy in a post-menopausal female
T2  - Canadian Journal of Urology

PY  - 2018
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
SN  - 1488-5581

AB  - It is rare to see an adult presenting with exstrophy of 
the bladder. Malignant conversion in exstrophy occurs 
in 4%, with adenocarcinoma as the most common 
histopathology. We report the first case of metastatic 
high grade urothelial carcinoma with squamous and 
sarcomatoid differentiation arising from undiagnosed, closed bladder exstrophy in a female at advanced age 
with associated bilateral deep vein thrombosis and clot 
retention. The patient developed clinical progression of 
disease despite neoadjuvant gemcitabine-cisplatin and 
salvage (or palliative) radiotherapy. To the best of our 
knowledge, this is the first reported case of a primary 
urothelial malignancy in occult bladder exstrophy.
KW  - closed bladder exstrophy
KW  -  urothelial carcinoma
KW  -  unreconstructed bladder exstrophy
KW  -  congenital anomaly

DO  -