@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Whitney N. Stanton, E. David Crawford, Paul B. Arangua, Francisco G. La Rosa, Adrie van Bokhoven, M. Scott Lucia, Wendy L. Poage, Alan Partin, Paul Maroni, Priya N. Werahera},
TITLE = {Assessment of high-grade prostate cancer risk using prostate cancer biomarkers},
JOURNAL = {Canadian Journal of Urology},
VOLUME = {27},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {10080--10085},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CJU/v27n1/60419},
ISSN = {1488-5581},
ABSTRACT = {<b>Introduction:</b> To identify patients at risk of high-grade prostate cancer using prostate cancer biomarkers.<br/>
<b>Materials and methods:</b> A total of 601 men were screened for prostate cancer in 2012, 2015, and 2016 using prostate cancer biomarkers: prostate health index (phi), 4KScore, and SelectMDx. The first two are blood tests that incorporate several PSA isoforms; SelectMDx measures mRNA levels of homeobox C6 and distal-less homeobox 1 in post-digital rectal examination urine samples. The performance of each biomarker was evaluated using cut-off values based on published literature. Gleason Grade Group (GG) ≥ 2 is considered as high-grade prostate cancer.<br/>
<b>Results:</b> For patients with PSA < 1.5 ng/mL, none were at risk for GG ≥ 2 cancer based on SelectMDx > 0%, whereas 17.1% were at intermediate to high risk of finding GG ≥ 2 cancer with 4KScore ≥ 7.5%, and 3.5% were at risk of finding any prostate cancer with phi ≥ 36 at biopsy. For cut-offs revised for finding men at high risk for GG ≥ 2 cancer at biopsy, only one patient with PSA < 1.5 ng/mL would be at risk with 4KScore ≥ 20% and none with phi ≥ 52.7. For patients with PSA 1.5 to 3.99 ng/mL, 2%, 8%, and 1% were at high risk for finding GG ≥ 2 cancer at biopsy based on phi, 4KScore, and SelectMDx, respectively.<br/>
<b>Conclusions:</b> Men with PSA < 1.5 ng/mL are at very low risk of finding high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy. However, some men with PSA between 1.5 to 3.99 ng/mL may be at intermediate to high risk for high-grade prostate cancer. Thus, primary care physicians could run biomarker tests and refer those with positive biomarker results to a specialist for further evaluation.},
DOI = {}
}