@Article{CL.2023.202.165,
AUTHOR = {N. Messei, M. S. Aida, A. Attaf, N. Hamani, S. Laznek},
TITLE = {Numerical simulation of the effect of gradual substitution of sulfur with selenium or tin with germanium in Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> absorber layer on kesterite solar cell efficiency},
JOURNAL = {Chalcogenide Letters},
VOLUME = {20},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {165--175},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CL/v20n2/65339},
ISSN = {1584-8663},
ABSTRACT = {To enhance the efficiency of kesterite Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> solar cell, different gradient strategies 
are investigated. Absorber layer gradient is obtained by partial substitution of sulfur with 
selenium or tin with germanium. The PV Parameters are calculated using the SCAPS1D 
program. The effect of the front, back, and double gradient on the cell parameters was 
investigated. We proposed also the fully graded gap absorber layer profile. The opencircuit
voltage has increased to 1.040V, the fill factor has increased to 71.69%, and the 
efficiency has exceeded 22.95%. In contrast to other types of gradients, the short-circuit 
current density remains high (J<sub>sc</sub>= 39.7mA / cm<sup>2</sup>).},
DOI = {10.15251/CL.2023.202.165}
}