@Article{CL.2023.205.315,
AUTHOR = {S. John, M. Francis, A. P. Reena Mary, V. Geetha},
TITLE = {Influence of annealing on the properties of chemically prepared SnS thin films},
JOURNAL = {Chalcogenide Letters},
VOLUME = {20},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {315--323},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CL/v20n5/65284},
ISSN = {1584-8663},
ABSTRACT = {Thin films of SnS were deposited chemically, and they are annealed at four different 
temperatures: 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C. X-ray diffraction, Raman analysis, 
UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy 
dispersive spectroscopy were used to investigate the impact of annealing temperature on 
the structural, optical, morphological, and chemical properties of thin films. As the 
annealing temperature rose, it was seen from the XRD patterns that the crystallinity of SnS 
films improved. At 250 °C, the film was almost evaporated, and the XRD pattern showed 
no peaks at all. The lattice strain and crystallite size were computed from the WilliamsonHall
plots. The crystallite size increased and the lattice strain decreased with the increase 
in the annealing temperature. According to optical investigations, the samples' optical 
bandgap shrank as the annealing temperature rose. Morphological studies showed the 
formation of well-adhered films, and as the annealing temperature increased, the film 
became denser and more continuous with larger grains. The atomic weight percentage of 
sulphur decreased as the annealing temperature increased, according to the EDS analysis. 
Photovoltaic structures with the configuration ITO/SnS/CdS/Ag were fabricated. From the 
I-V characteristics, it was observed that the cell structure formed with SnS annealed at 200 
°C showed better cell performance. },
DOI = {10.15251/CL.2023.205.315}
}