@Article{CL.2025.221.77,
AUTHOR = {H. R. Shakir, O. A. Chichan, M. S. Sada, S. A. Hussein, S. S. Chiad, N. F. Habubi, Y. H. Kadhim, M. Jadan},
TITLE = {The effect of aluminum doping on nanostructured CdS: optical, structural and sensing characterization},
JOURNAL = {Chalcogenide Letters},
VOLUME = {22},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {77--89},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CL/v22n1/64896},
ISSN = {1584-8663},
ABSTRACT = {CdS, and CdS: Al were grown onto glass bases via Chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). XRD 
analysis of CdS films indicates a polycrystalline hexagonal structure with a predominant 
orientation of the (101) plane. The strain decreased from 28.55 to 25.66, and the grain size 
of undoped CdS films was around (13.51–12.14) nm as Al content rose. According to the 
results of AFM, CdS, CdS:2% Al, and CdS:4% Al all exhibit smooth surfaces with 
decreasing particle size in the range of (78.46), (69.75), and (42.20) nm, respectively. The 
root-mean-square roughness values for CdS and CdS:4% Al were 12.41 nm and 3.38 nm. 
According to AFM image, the surface roughness of CdS to CdS:4% Al were (9.74-5.16) 
nm. SEM images depict CdS films transitioning from flat islands (Undoped CdS) to uniform 
spherical nano-grains with Al doping. The result shows a decrease in absorption coefficient 
as Al content increased. The optical bandgap increased from (2.35-2.51) eV after doping. 
Results show that the extinction coefficient and refractive index are influenced by Al 
content. CdS film detects NO<sub>2</sub> gas by resistance increase, impacted by Aluminum doping. 
Sensitivity decreases with an increase in Al doping in CdS films. },
DOI = {10.15251/CL.2025.221.77}
}