@Article{CL.2025.222.177,
AUTHOR = {D. Haouanoh, M. Toubane, R. Talaighil, F. Bensouici},
TITLE = {Chemical bath deposition of CZTS layers; study of pH, time deposition and annealing temperature effects},
JOURNAL = {Chalcogenide Letters},
VOLUME = {22},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {177--188},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CL/v22n2/64874},
ISSN = {1584-8663},
ABSTRACT = {CZTS thin layers were successfully deposited onto both glass and indium-tin oxide 
substrates using the chemical bath deposition method. The effects of solution pH, deposition 
time, and annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties 
were investigated. Thermal analysis (DSC/TGA) shows that the CZTS kesterite structure 
crystallized at 237.2°C. Structural analysis by X- ray Diffraction, Rietveld refinement and 
Raman spectroscopy, revealed that the kesterite phases formation with the presence of 
SnO<sub>2</sub>cassiterite and ZnO wurtzite structures in the films annealed at a higher temperature 
with nanocrystalline size. SEM images showed smooth and homogeneous surfaces, with the 
presence of cracks and voids. All films present high absorption in the visible ranges. The 
solution's pH and the annealing temperature significantly impact the calculated band gap. In 
contrast, the deposition time does not notably affect the film quality. },
DOI = {10.15251/CL.2025.222.177}
}