@Article{CL.2025.227.649,
AUTHOR = {A. X. Yang, L. F. Huang, Y. Y. Liu},
TITLE = {Development of a CNT/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/PVDF composite waterproof film-based strain sensor for motion monitoring},
JOURNAL = {Chalcogenide Letters},
VOLUME = {22},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {7},
PAGES = {649--663},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CL/v22n7/64851},
ISSN = {1584-8663},
ABSTRACT = {An innovative flexible electronic device was developed by integrating functionalized carbon 
nanotubes, bismuth sulfide nanostructures, and a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix to create a 
highly water‐resistant strain detection platform. The fabricated film exhibited a remarkable 
static water contact angle of 141°, with only a 3–4° reduction after 48 hours of immersion, 
confirming its excellent hydrophobic performance. Mechanical testing revealed a tensile 
strength of 43.2 MPa and maintained over 96% of its original strength following 1000 
bending cycles, thereby demonstrating outstanding durability under repetitive deformation. 
Electrical characterization showed an initial conductivity of 12.3 S/m and a baseline 
resistance near 98 Ω, with less than a 5% change observed during cyclic loading. 
Furthermore, the device achieved a gauge factor of 76 within the linear strain region up to 
60%, indicating high sensitivity to applied stress. Dynamic performance assessments 
recorded rapid response and recovery times of 0.12 and 0.15 seconds, respectively, enabling 
real-time monitoring of mechanical variations. In practical demonstrations, the sensor 
delivered distinct resistance increments of 35% during full finger flexion and 28% during 
wrist movements. Long-term evaluations conducted over 60 days under fluctuating 
temperature (15 °C to 35 °C) and humidity conditions (40% to 90% RH) showed a 
normalized response variation of less than 3%. These quantitative results confirm that the 
proposed device offers a balanced combination of mechanical robustness, electrical stability, 
and rapid responsiveness, making it a promising candidate for next-generation wearable 
electronics and health monitoring applications. These findings lay a robust foundation for 
further exploration and optimization in advanced flexible devices.},
DOI = {10.15251/CL.2025.227.649}
}