@Article{cl.2026.083065,
AUTHOR = {Aljawhara H. Almuqrin,  Manjunatha, M. I. Sayyed, Ashok Kumar, A. S. Bennal},
TITLE = {Effect of PbO<sub>2</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on the Physical, Optical, and Gamma-Ray Shielding Properties of Boro-Tellurite Glasses},
JOURNAL = {Chalcogenide Letters},
VOLUME = {23},
YEAR = {2026},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {--},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CL/v23n6/67973},
ISSN = {1584-8663},
ABSTRACT = {The human exposure to hazardous ionizing radiation is increased due to the progression of nuclear technology across energy, medicine, and industrial sectors, etc. Developing transparent shielding materials is essential to overcome the structural and opacity limitations of traditional materials like concrete. The 30TeO<sub>2</sub>-xPbO<sub>2</sub>-xBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(70 − 2x)B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (x = 10, 12, 14 and 16 mol%) glasses are prepared via the melt-quenching technique. The density (ρ) increases from 4.759 to 5.561 g cm<sup>−3</sup> due to the incorporation of heavy metal oxides (HMOs). The molar volume (V<sub>m</sub>) increases from 32.194 to 33.657 cm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>. The oxygen packing density (OPD) decreased from 80.761 to 75.468. It is due to the depolymerization and the formation of Non-Bridging Oxygens (NBOs). The calculations based on the Makishima-Mackenzie model showed a consistent reduction in elastic moduli. The optical band gap energy (E<sub>g</sub>) decreases from 2.969 to 2.813 eV. The substitution of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with PbO<sub>2</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> greatly enhances photon attenuation. The radiation shielding evaluations using Phy-X software confirmed that the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) reached as high as 72.00 cm<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.015 MeV. This high-density PbBi16 sample provided the most compact shielding as indicated by the lowest half-value layer (HVL) of 0.0293 cm and a reduced mean free path (MFP).},
DOI = {10.32604/cl.2026.083065}
}