@Article{cl.2026.085590,
AUTHOR = {Edgar G. Zamorano-Noriega, María E. Martínez-Barbosa, María L. Mota, Ana B. López-Oyama, Eugenio Rodríguez González, Crescencio García-Guendulain, Ramón Ochoa-Landín, Fernando J. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Santos J. Castillo},
TITLE = {Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S Thin Films Produced by Chemical Bath Deposition at Different Immersion Bath Numbers},
JOURNAL = {Chalcogenide Letters},
VOLUME = {23},
YEAR = {2026},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {--},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CL/v23n6/67975},
ISSN = {1584-8663},
ABSTRACT = {The major challenge in developing efficient photovoltaic devices is achieving highlight absorption, optimal charge transport, and low recombination losses. In this work, the effect of the immersion bath numbers in the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique on the properties of bismuth oxysulfide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S) thin films, as emergent materials, was studied. The films were synthesized under eco-friendly conditions, using a low-concentration bismuth nitrate precursor and thioacetamide as the sulfur source, and under basic conditions at moderate temperature, with a reaction time of 3 h. X-ray diffraction demonstrated the formation of a crystalline Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S phase, and the morphological analysis showed a uniform film coverage with flower-like morphology, indicating anisotropic growth. XPS verified the coexistence of bismuth, oxygen, and sulfur, confirming the formation of the oxysulfide compound. Results demonstrated that absorbance increased as the number of immersion bath numbers increased. Indeed, structural analysis established that the number of immersion baths critically influences crystallite size, interlayer spacing, and crystallinity of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S nanosheets. Finally, a formation mechanism is proposed for these Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S thin films for the one-, two-, and three-immersion bath. This study demonstrates that CBD processing parameters critically influence film quality and phase purity, offering an effective and low-cost route to produce Bi-based thin films with potential applications in photovoltaic devices.},
DOI = {10.32604/cl.2026.085590}
}