@Article{cmes.2014.102.407,
AUTHOR = {S. Hamada},
TITLE = {Voxel-based Analysis of Electrostatic Fields in Virtual-human Model Duke using Indirect Boundary Element Method with Fast Multipole Method},
JOURNAL = {Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences},
VOLUME = {102},
YEAR = {2014},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {407--424},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CMES/v102n5/27104},
ISSN = {1526-1506},
ABSTRACT = {The voxel-based indirect boundary element method (IBEM) combined with the Laplace-kernel fast multipole method (FMM) is capable of analyzing relatively large-scale problems. A typical application of the IBEM is the electric field analysis in virtual-human models such as the model called Duke provided by the foundation for research on information technologies in society (IT’IS Foundation). An important property of voxel-version Duke models is that they have various voxel sizes but the same structural feature. This property is useful for examining the O(<i>N</i>) and O(<i>D<sup>2</sup></i>) dependencies of the calculation times and the amount of memory required by the FMM-IBEM, where <i>N</i> and <i>D</i> are the number of boundary elements and the reciprocal of the voxel-side length, respectively. In this paper, the dependencies were confirmed by analyzing Duke models with voxel-side lengths of 5.0, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mm. The finest model had 2.2 billion voxels and 61 million square elements. In addition, a technique that improves the convergence performance of the linear equation solver by considering the non-uniqueness of the electric potential is proposed, and its effectiveness is demonstrated.},
DOI = {10.3970/cmes.2014.102.407}
}