@Article{cmes.2020.08101,
AUTHOR = {Tian Li, Zhiyuan Dai, Weihua Zhang},
TITLE = {Effect of RANS Model on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Train in Crosswinds Using DDES},
JOURNAL = {Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences},
VOLUME = {122},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {555--570},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CMES/v122n2/38313},
ISSN = {1526-1506},
ABSTRACT = {Detached eddy simulation has been widely applied to simulate the flow around 
trains in recent years. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model for delayed 
detached eddy simulation (DDES) is an essential user input. The effect of the RANS 
model for DDES on the aerodynamic characteristics of a train in crosswinds is 
investigated in this study. Three different DDES models are used, based on the Spalart-Allmaras model (SA), the realizable <i>k-ε</i> model (RKE), and the shear stress transport k-ω
model (SST). Results show that all DDES models can give relatively accurate predictions 
of pressure coefficient on almost all surfaces. There are only some specific differences in 
the small vortices, while similar flow patterns around trains could be predicted. The SST
based DDES model (SSTDDES) gives the most accurate numerical results among the 
three models for the surface pressure. The variations in pressure on the leeward face play 
a key role in the variation of the side force.},
DOI = {10.32604/cmes.2020.08101}
}