TY  - EJOU
AU  - Khan, Shah Zeb 
AU  - Rahim, Muhammad 
AU  - Widyan, Adel M. 
AU  - Almutairi, A. 
AU  - Almutire, Njood Shaher Ethaar 
AU  - Khalifa, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed 

TI  - Development of AHP-Based Divergence Distance Measure between –Spherical Fuzzy Sets with Applications in Multi-Criteria Decision Making
T2  - Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences

PY  - 2025
VL  - 143
IS  - 2
SN  - 1526-1506

AB  - This study introduces a novel distance measure (DM) for spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) to improve decision-making in complex and uncertain environments. Many existing distance measures either fail to satisfy essential axiomatic properties or produce unintuitive outcomes. To address these limitations, we propose a new three-dimensional divergence-based DM that ensures mathematical consistency, enhances the discrimination of information, and adheres to the axiomatic framework of distance theory. Building on this foundation, we construct a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model that utilizes the proposed DM to evaluate and rank alternatives effectively. The applicability and robustness of the model are validated through a practical case study, demonstrating that it leads to more rational, consistent, and reliable decision outcomes compared to existing approaches.
KW  - <i>p</i>
KW  -  <i>q</i>
KW  -  <i>r</i>-spherical fuzzy sets; divergence; distance measures; AHP; decision making

DO  - 10.32604/cmes.2025.063929