TY  - EJOU
AU  - Jaha, Emad Sami 

TI  - Augmented Deep-Feature-Based Ear Recognition Using Increased Discriminatory Soft Biometrics
T2  - Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences

PY  - 2025
VL  - 144
IS  - 3
SN  - 1526-1506

AB  - The human ear has been substantiated as a viable nonintrusive biometric modality for identification or verification. Among many feasible techniques for ear biometric recognition, convolutional neural network (CNN) models have recently offered high-performance and reliable systems. However, their performance can still be further improved using the capabilities of soft biometrics, a research question yet to be investigated. This research aims to augment the traditional CNN-based ear recognition performance by adding increased discriminatory ear soft biometric traits. It proposes a novel framework of augmented ear identification/verification using a group of discriminative categorical soft biometrics and deriving new, more perceptive, comparative soft biometrics for feature-level fusion with hard biometric deep features. It conducts several identification and verification experiments for performance evaluation, analysis, and comparison while varying ear image datasets, hard biometric deep-feature extractors, soft biometric augmentation methods, and classifiers used. The experimental work yields promising results, reaching up to 99.94% accuracy and up to 14% improvement using the AMI and AMIC datasets, along with their corresponding soft biometric label data. The results confirm the proposed augmented approaches’ superiority over their standard counterparts and emphasize the robustness of the new ear comparative soft biometrics over their categorical peers.
KW  - Ear recognition; soft biometrics; human identification; human verification; comparative labeling; ranking SVM; deep features; feature-level fusion; convolutional neural networks (CNNs); deep learning

DO  - 10.32604/cmes.2025.068681