@Article{cmes.2009.051.169,
AUTHOR = {D.N.  Srinath, Sanjay  Mittal, Veera  Manek},
TITLE = {Multi-Point Shape Optimization of Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers},
JOURNAL = {Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences},
VOLUME = {51},
YEAR = {2009},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {169--190},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CMES/v51n2/26757},
ISSN = {1526-1506},
ABSTRACT = {A continuous adjoint method is formulated and implemented for the multi-point shape optimization of airfoils at low Re. The airfoil shape is parametrized with a non-uniform rational B-Spline (NURBS). Optimization studies are carried out for two different objective functions. The first involves an inverse function on the lift coefficient over a range of Re. The objective is to determine a shape that results in a lift coefficient of 0.4 at three values of Re: 10, 100 and 500. The second objective involves a direct function on the lift coefficient over a range of angles of attack,a. The lift coefficient is maximized simultaneously fora= 4o, 8oand 12owhile the Re is held constant. The final shapes from both the cases are compared with those from the single-point optimization at each of the operating point. It is seen that the multi-point shapes are significantly different. They also have a better off-design performance than the geometries from single-point designs.},
DOI = {10.3970/cmes.2009.051.169}
}