@Article{cmes.2014.098.375,
AUTHOR = {Chein-Shan Liu},
TITLE = {Disclosing the Complexity of Nonlinear Ship Rolling and Duffing Oscillators by a Signum Function},
JOURNAL = {Computer Modeling in Engineering \& Sciences},
VOLUME = {98},
YEAR = {2014},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {375--407},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/CMES/v98n4/27161},
ISSN = {1526-1506},
ABSTRACT = {In this paper we study the nonlinear dynamical system x<sup style="margin-left:-4.5px">·</sup>=f(x,t)  from a newly developed theory, viewing the time-varying function of sign(||f||<sup>2</sup>||x||<sup>2</sup>− 2(f·x)<sup>2</sup>) = −sign(cos 2<i>θ</i>) as a key factor, where <i>θ</i> is the intersection angle between x and f. It together with sign(cos <i>θ</i>) can reveal the complexity of nonlinear Duffing oscillator and a quadratic ship rolling oscillator. The barcode is formed by plotting sign(||f||<sup>2</sup>||x||<sup>2</sup>− 2(f·x)<sup>2</sup>) with respect to time. We analyze the barcode to point out the bifurcation of subharmonic motions and the range of chaos in the parameter space. The bifurcation diagram obtained by plotting the percentage of the first set of dis-connectivity <i>A<sub>1</sub><sup>−</sup></i> : = {sign(cos <i>θ</i>) = + 1 and sign(cos 2<i>θ</i>) = + 1} with respect to the amplitude of harmonic loading leads to a finer structure of a devil staircase for the ship rolling oscillator, as well as a cascade of subharmonic motions to chaos for the Duffing oscillator.},
DOI = {10.3970/cmes.2014.098.375}
}