@Article{,
AUTHOR = {John K. A. Tetteh, Mark M. Addae, Naruhiko Ishiwada, Sena M. Yempewu, Shinya Yamaguchi, David Ofori-Adjei, Hitoshi Kamiya, Yoshihiro Komada, Bartholomew D. Akanmori},
TITLE = {Plasma levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in Ghanaian children with vaccine-modified measles},
JOURNAL = {European Cytokine Network},
VOLUME = {14},
YEAR = {2003},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {109--113},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/ECN/v14n2/66544},
ISSN = {1952-4005},
ABSTRACT = {To understand the pathogenesis of vaccine-modified measles (VMM), we measured plasma levels of
IFN-γ and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), IL-12, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in children with
uncomplicated measles, who had anti-measles IgG antibodies and with a history of immunization on admission
(day 0), day 14 and day 60. We compared these to levels in healthy, age-matched, immunized children. Plasma
levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly higher in VMM patients on day 0 compared to healthy controls
(p = 0.023; p = 0.018; p = 0.001) respectively. In contrast, plasma IL-4 was lower in VMM patients on day 0 when
compared to the controls (p = 0.009). Plasma levels of IL-12 remained consistently high on days 14 and 60
(p = 0.001; p = 0.04), whilst IL-10 levels fell significantly on the same days (p = 0.002; p = 0.001) respectively.
Kinetically, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels decreased consistently from day 0 to days 14 and 60 in VMM patients. In
contrast, IL-4 levels increased from day 0 to day 14 and day 60. Our results therefore suggest that VMM is
associated with an early up-regulation of Th1 cytokine production and a down-regulation of Th2 cytokine
production. The strong Th1 response may be associated with the induction of IL-12 and memory cells, thus
contributing to the early resolution of the infection and lack of complications.},
DOI = {}
}