@Article{,
AUTHOR = {Chantal A. A. Van der Graaf, Mihai G. Netea, Servaas A. Morré, Martin Den Heijer, Paul E. Verweij, Jos W. M. Van der Meer, Bart Jan Kullberg},
TITLE = {Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile polymorphisms are a risk factor for <i>Candida</i> bloodstream infection},
JOURNAL = {European Cytokine Network},
VOLUME = {17},
YEAR = {2006},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {29--34},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/ECN/v17n1/66165},
ISSN = {1952-4005},
ABSTRACT = {Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 is an important pattern recognition receptor for <i>Candida albicans</i>,
playing a role in innate host defense. We investigated whether there is an association between the TLR4 Asp299Gly
or TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism, and the occurrence of <i>Candida</i> bloodstream infection. We performed a
case-control study, involving 43 patients with a <i>Candida</i> bloodstream infection and 166 healthy individuals. TLR4
Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms were assessed, as well as cytokine production after stimulation of
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with <i>Candida albicans</i>. We observed that the prevalence of TLR4
Asp299Gly polymorphism was found to be higher in patients with <i>Candida</i> bloodstream infection than in controls
(26% versus 10%; OR 3.0; 95%CI 1.3-6.9). All patients bearing the Asp299Gly polymorphism were also positive
for the Thr399Ile allele, a linkage well described in literature. IL-10 production was higher in <i>C. albicans</i>-stimulated
PBMC from volunteers bearing the TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism, and a similar tendency was
observed in TLR4 Asp299Gly heterozygous patients who had recovered from candidemia. These findings show
that the TLR4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile polymorphisms are associated with an increased susceptibility to <i>Candida</i>
bloodstream infections, and an increased production of IL-10 is probably involved in this effect.},
DOI = {}
}