@Article{ecn.2007.0097,
AUTHOR = {Bilgin Özmen, Cengiz Kirmaz, Kadir Aydin, Sabriye O. Kafesciler, Feyzullah Guclu, Zeliha Hekimsoy},
TITLE = {Influence of the selective oestrogen receptor modulator (raloxifene hydrochloride) on IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and bone turnover markers in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis},
JOURNAL = {European Cytokine Network},
VOLUME = {18},
YEAR = {2007},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {148--153},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/ECN/v18n3/65985},
ISSN = {1952-4005},
ABSTRACT = {Background. Osteoporosis that is encountered frequently in postmenopausal women, may cause an
increased incidence of vertebral and iliac fractures that are associated with excess morbidity. Raloxifene
hydrochloride, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, has been shown to increase bone mineral density and
decrease biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women, without stimulatory effects on breast
or uterus. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and TNF-α and TGF-β1 which are important
cytokines involved in remodeling, have been evaluated previously in in vitro studies of osteoporosis. However,
there seems to be a paucity of in vivo research concerned with changes in these cytokines in osteoporosis. Objective.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of raloxifene (Evista<sup>®</sup>; Lilly Pharmaceutical Co. USA, 60 mg/day) on
biochemical bone turnover markers, serum parathyroid hormone, and 25-OH vitamin D, as well as the serum
levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1, in 22 postmenopausal, osteoporotic women before and after 12 weeks of
raloxifene treatment. Methods. Well-matched, postmenopausal, non-osteoporotic control subjects were also
enrolled in the study. Serum levels of all the parameters were measured in postmenopausal, osteoporotic women
at baseline and end of the study. Results. It was found that serum osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone, and urine
deoxypyridinoline levels decreased to normal levels with treatment. Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels after treatment
in the patient group were higher than those in the control group. Serum IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels did not
change significantly with treatment. However, serum levels of IL-6 and TGF-β1 in the patient group after
treatment, decreased to levels lower than those found in the control group. Serum TNF-α levels in the patient
group before and after treatment, were lower than those in the control group. Conclusion. Raloxifene treatment
reduces bone turnover biochemical markers, parathyroid hormone and induces 25-OH vitamin D in postmeno-pausal
women. Moreover, it also affects some serum cytokine levels in the postmenopausal period.},
DOI = {10.1684/ecn.2007.0097}
}