@Article{ecn.2009.0146,
AUTHOR = {Faina Linkov, Yian Gu, Alan A. Arslan, Mengling Liu, Roy E. Shore, Lyudmila Velikokhatnaya, Karen L. Koenig, Paolo Toniolo, Adele Marrangoni, Zoya Yurkovetsky, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anna E. Lokshin},
TITLE = {Reliability of tumor markers, chemokines, and metastasis-related molecules in serum},
JOURNAL = {European Cytokine Network},
VOLUME = {20},
YEAR = {2009},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {21--26},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/ECN/v20n1/65914},
ISSN = {1952-4005},
ABSTRACT = {There is a growing interest in the role that cancer biomarkers, metastasis-related molecules, and
chemokines may play in the development and progression of various cancers. However, few studies have
addressed the reliability of such biomarkers in healthy individuals over time. The objective of this study was to
investigate the temporal reliability of multiple proteins in serum samples from healthy women who donated
blood over successive years. Thirty five, postmenopausal women with two, repeated annual visits, and thirty,
premenopausal women with three, repeated annual visits were randomly selected among eligible subjects from
an existing, prospective cohort. Multiplexing Luminex xMAP<sup>TM</sup> technology was used to measure the levels of
55 serum proteins representing cancer antigens, chemokines, angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, proteases,
adipokines, apoptotic molecules, and other markers in these women. The biomarkers with high detection rates
(> 60%) and acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICCs ≥ 0.55) using xMAP<sup>TM</sup> method were:
cancer antigens: AFP, CA 15-3, CEA, CA-125, SCC, SAA; growth factors/related molecules: ErbB2, IGFBP-1;
proteases and adhesion molecules: MMP-1, 8, 9, sE-selectin, human kallikreins (KLK) 8,10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1,
chemokines: fractalkine, MCP-1,2, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, Eotaxin, GRO-α, IP-10; inhibitors of angiogene-sis:
angiostatin and endostatin; adipokines leptin and resistin; apoptotic factor: Fas, and other proteins
mesothelin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and PAI-1. The rest of the biomarkers under investigation either had
ICCs less than 0.55 or had low levels of detection (< 60%). These included cancer antigens: CA 19-9, CA 72-4,
MICA, S100, TTR, ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3; proteases: MMP 2, 3, 7, 12, 13; chemokines: MCP-3, MIF, MIG;
adipokines: leptin and resistin; apoptotic factors: FasL, DR5, Cyfra 21-1; and inhibitors of angiogenesis and
other markers: thrombospondin and heat shock protein (HSP) 27. In conclusion, 34 out of the 55 biomarkers
investigated were present in detectable levels in > 60% of the samples, and with an ICC ≥0.55, indicating that a
single serum measurement can be used in prospective epidemiological studies using the xMAP<sup>TM</sup> method.},
DOI = {10.1684/ecn.2009.0146}
}