@Article{ecn.2012.0307,
AUTHOR = {Mahmoud Nateghi Rostami, Masoumeh Douraghi, Akram Miramin Mohammadi, Bahram Nikmanesh},
TITLE = {Altered serum pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with Down’s syndrome},
JOURNAL = {European Cytokine Network},
VOLUME = {23},
YEAR = {2012},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {64--67},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/ECN/v23n2/65753},
ISSN = {1952-4005},
ABSTRACT = {There are reports showing that pro-inflammatory cytokines are dysregulated in patients with Down’s
syndrome (DS). However, most of these reports concern adults. We analyzed cytokine levels in serum samples
from children with DS, and compared them with samples from intellectually disabled (ID), and healthy, control
children.Blood samples were collected from 24 DS, 24 age-/sex-matched ID, and 24 age-/sex-matched healthy, control
children. Serum levels of the cytokines IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured using a sandwich
ELISA method, .The age range of the children was 1-15 years, with a mean ± SD of 5.75 ± 4.36 years.TNF-α levels
were significantly higher in the DS and ID groups compared with those found in healthy, control children (P<0.05).
The DS and ID groups had significantly higher IFN-γ levels compared with healthy, control children (P = 0.0002
and P<0.01, respectively), with significant higher levels in the DS than the ID group (P<0.05). Serum from the
ID group showed significantly higher IL-10 levels compared with those from the DS group (P<0.05), but not the
healthy, control group. Significant correlations were found between the differences in TNF-α and IFN-γ levels, in
both ID (rs = 0.558; P = 0.005) and DS children (rs = 0.405; P<0.05).There were no significant differences found in
serum levels of IL-13 between the groups, and IL-5 was not detectable in any of the serum samples.Levels of TNF-α
and IFN-γ were increased, and IL-10 decreased in serum from children with DS. It may be that these differences
contribute to the clinical symptoms seen in DS: consequently, these pro-inflammatory cytokines might be useful as
early biomarkers of the disorders associated with DS.},
DOI = {10.1684/ecn.2012.0307}
}