@Article{ecn.2013.0332,
AUTHOR = {Mirko Pesce, Antonia Patruno, Lorenza Speranza, Marcella Reale},
TITLE = {Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and wound healing: implication of cytokines as biological mediators*},
JOURNAL = {European Cytokine Network},
VOLUME = {24},
YEAR = {2013},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1--10},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/ECN/v24n1/65676},
ISSN = {1952-4005},
ABSTRACT = {Wound healing is a highly coordinated and complex process involving various cell types, chemical
mediators and the surrounding extracellular matrix, resulting in a tightly orchestrated re-establishment of tissue
integrity by specific cytokines. It consists of various dynamic processes including a series of overlapping phases:
inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization and remodeling. One of the underlying mechanisms responsible
for the disturbances in wound healing is an out-of-control inflammatory response that can cause pathological
consequences, such as hypertrophic scars, keloids or chronic wounds and ulcers. Recently, several reports have
evaluated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on tissue repair. In particular, the
data analysis supports an anti-inflammatory effect of EMFs by the modulation of cytokine profiles that drive the
transition from a chronic pro-inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory state of the healing process. In this review,
we focus on the effect of EMFs on skin wound healing showing emerging details of the anti-inflammatory effects of
EMFs, with a view to cytokines as candidate biomarkers. Molecular clarification of the mechanisms involved in the
modulation of inflammatory factors following exposure to EMFs will provide a better understanding of the cellular
responses induced by EMFs and a potential, additional treatment in non-responding, chronic wounds.},
DOI = {10.1684/ecn.2013.0332}
}