@Article{rig.2026.070991,
AUTHOR = {Nur Afikah Juhari, Khairul Nizam Tahar},
TITLE = {3D Photogrammetric Modelling for Digital Twin Development: Accuracy Assessment Using UAV Multi-Altitude Imaging},
JOURNAL = {Revue Internationale de Géomatique},
VOLUME = {35},
YEAR = {2026},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1--11},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/RIG/v35n1/65567},
ISSN = {2116-7060},
ABSTRACT = {The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in photogrammetry has grown rapidly due to enhanced flight stability, high-resolution imaging, and advanced Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms. This study investigates the potential of UAVs as a cost-effective alternative to Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) for 3D building reconstruction. A 3D model of <i>Bangunan Sarjana</i> was generated in Agisoft Metashape Professional v.2.0.2 using 492 aerial images captured at flying altitudes of 40, 50, and 60 m. Ground control points were established using GNSS (RTK-VRS), and Total Station measurements were employed for accuracy validation. The results indicate that the 60 m flight produced the most accurate reconstruction, with a maximum dimensional deviation of 0.051 m. These findings demonstrate that UAV photogrammetry can achieve centimetre-level accuracy in building modelling while significantly reducing costs and operational effort. The study highlights the integration of SfM processing with UAV technology as a practical and efficient method for spatial data acquisition, supporting applications in urban planning, digital twin development, and heritage documentation.},
DOI = {10.32604/rig.2026.070991}
}