TY  - EJOU
AU  - Juhari, Nur Afikah 
AU  - Tahar, Khairul Nizam 

TI  - 3D Photogrammetric Modelling for Digital Twin Development: Accuracy Assessment Using UAV Multi-Altitude Imaging
T2  - Revue Internationale de Géomatique

PY  - 2026
VL  - 35
IS  - 1
SN  - 2116-7060

AB  - The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in photogrammetry has grown rapidly due to enhanced flight stability, high-resolution imaging, and advanced Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms. This study investigates the potential of UAVs as a cost-effective alternative to Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) for 3D building reconstruction. A 3D model of <i>Bangunan Sarjana</i> was generated in Agisoft Metashape Professional v.2.0.2 using 492 aerial images captured at flying altitudes of 40, 50, and 60 m. Ground control points were established using GNSS (RTK-VRS), and Total Station measurements were employed for accuracy validation. The results indicate that the 60 m flight produced the most accurate reconstruction, with a maximum dimensional deviation of 0.051 m. These findings demonstrate that UAV photogrammetry can achieve centimetre-level accuracy in building modelling while significantly reducing costs and operational effort. The study highlights the integration of SfM processing with UAV technology as a practical and efficient method for spatial data acquisition, supporting applications in urban planning, digital twin development, and heritage documentation.
KW  - UAV photogrammetry; structure from motion (SfM); 3D building modeling; precision spatial mapping

DO  - 10.32604/rig.2026.070991