@Article{biocell.2026.080855,
AUTHOR = {Jia-Feng Chang, Ting-Yu Yeh, I-Ta Lee, Yue-Wen Chen},
TITLE = {From Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome to Periodontal Diseases: The Bio-Cellular Role of Propolis},
JOURNAL = {BIOCELL},
VOLUME = {},
YEAR = {},
NUMBER = {},
PAGES = {{pages}},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/biocell/online/detail/26777},
ISSN = {1667-5746},
ABSTRACT = {Cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and periodontal diseases are bi-directionally linked pathologies driven by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. Identifying pleiotropic therapeutic agents targeting this axis is a major clinical priority. This review evaluates the bio-cellular role of propolis, a natural resinous hive product, in mitigating CKM syndrome and periodontal disease. Propolis exerts robust protective effects by modulating key intracellular signaling pathways. Specifically, it upregulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant defenses, which subsequently interferes with redox-sensitive inflammatory triggers. Concurrently, it antagonizes pro-inflammatory signaling, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome cascades. Furthermore, propolis prevents tissue fibrosis and cellular apoptosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. By disrupting this systemic inflammatory-metabolic loop and reducing local periodontal pathogen loads, propolis emerges as a promising adjunctive therapy. Propolis represents a promising candidate adjunctive therapy, although further well-designed and standardized clinical trials are required to validate its efficacy and translational potential.},
DOI = {10.32604/biocell.2026.080855}
}