TY  - EJOU
AU  - JOUBERT, ANNIE 
AU  - ZYL, HERMIA VAN 
AU  - LAURENS, JOHANNES 
AU  - LOTTERING, MONA-LIZA 

TI  - Minireview: C2- and C4-position 17β-estradiol metabolites and their relation to breast cancer
T2  - BIOCELL

PY  - 2009
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
SN  - 1667-5746

AB  - C2- and C4-position 17β-estradiol metabolites play an important role in breast carcinogenesis. 2-Hydroxyestradiol and 4-hydroxyestradiol are implicated in tumorigenesis via two pathways. These pathways entail increased cell proliferation and the formation of reactive oxygen species that trigger an increase in the likelihood of deoxyribonucleic acid mutations. <br/>
2-Methoxyestradiol, a 17β-estradiol metabolite, however, causes induction of apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells; thus exhibiting an antiproliferative effect on tumor growth. The 4-hydroxyestradiol:2- methoxyestradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol:2-methoxyestradiolratios therefore ought to be taken into account as possible indicators of carcinogenesis.
KW  - Breast cancer
KW  -  estradiol metabolism
KW  -  2-methoxyestradiol

DO  - 10.32604/biocell.2009.33.137