@Article{biocell.2021.014441,
AUTHOR = {KAVITHA GOVARTHANAN, PIYUSH KUMAR GUPTA, BINITA ZIPPORAHE, REKHA GAHTORI, SOUMYA PANDIT, RAM PRASAD},
TITLE = {Epigenetic regulation−The guardian of cellular homeostasis and lineage commitment},
JOURNAL = {BIOCELL},
VOLUME = {45},
YEAR = {2021},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {501--515},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/biocell/v45n3/41696},
ISSN = {1667-5746},
ABSTRACT = {Stem cells constitute the source of cells that replenishes the worn out or damaged cells in our tissue and enable
the tissue to carry out the destined function. Tissue-specific stem cells are compartmentalized in a niche, which keeps the
stem cells under quiescent condition. Thus, understanding the molecular events driving the successful differentiation of
stem cells into several lineages is essential for its better manipulation of human applications. Given the developmental
aspects of the cell, the cellular function is greatly dependent on the epigenomics signature that in turn governs the
expression profile of the cell. The stable inheritance of the epigenome is crucial for the development, modulation, and
maintenance of the cell and its complex tissue-specific function. Emerging evidence suggesting that stem cell
chromatin comprises a specialized state in which self-renewing genes and its downstream lineage-specific genes are
kept paralleled poised for activation. Thus, the epigenetic regulatory network and pathway dictate lineage
commitment and differentiation. It mainly modifies the chromatin landscape to facilitate euchromatin and
heterochromatin architecture, which in turn alters the accessibility of transcription factors to the gene loci. DNA
methylation and histone marks are the two widely studied epigenetic modifications regulating the transcriptome
profile of a specific lineage. Abnormalities in the epigenetic landscape lead to diseases or disorders. Here, we
emphasize the prominence of the epigenetic network and its regulation in normal tissue functioning and in the
diseased state. Furthermore, we highlighted the emerging role of epigenetic modifiers in lineage differentiation and
epigenetic markers as novel druggable targets for cancer therapy.},
DOI = {10.32604/biocell.2021.014441}
}