@Article{biocell.2021.013993,
AUTHOR = {SAYEQUA DANDOTI},
TITLE = {Mechanisms adopted by cancer cells to escape apoptosis–A review},
JOURNAL = {BIOCELL},
VOLUME = {45},
YEAR = {2021},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {863--884},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/biocell/v45n4/42356},
ISSN = {1667-5746},
ABSTRACT = {Inactivation of apoptosis is the prime phenomenon in cancer development and cancer treatments. Mutations in
the apoptotic pathway not only exert resistance to apoptosis and provide a survival advantage to cancer cells but also
confer resistance to cancer therapies. Escaping apoptosis is the “hallmark” of cancer cells. Cancer cells can withstand
many apoptotic stimuli, such as DNA damage, unfavorable environments, and cytotoxic therapies. Substantial
research has been carried out and is in good progress on the various mechanisms adopted by cancer cells to evade
apoptosis. This article reviews the apoptosis escape mechanisms by cancer cells, viz. apoptotic gene alterations (in few
essential and accessory apoptotic genes), post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and ubiquitination of
apoptotic proteins), metabolic alterations, mitochondrial alterations, immunity escape, epigenetics, cancer cell
dormancy, cancer clonal theory, and reversibility of apoptosis. The review reveals that there is a wide scope for
further research to address the various challenges in realizing successful cancer therapies that involve reversing the
apoptotic resistance and/or inducing apoptosis in tumor cells.},
DOI = {10.32604/biocell.2021.013993}
}