TY  - EJOU
AU  - SYMON, TARYN E. 
AU  - GAXIOLA-ROBLES, RAMÓN 
AU  - HERNÁNDEZ-CAMACHO, CLAUDIA J. 
AU  - ZENTENO-SAVÍN, TANIA 

TI  - Oxidative stress indicators in human and bottlenose dolphin leukocytes in response to a pro-inflammatory challenge
T2  - BIOCELL

PY  - 2021
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
SN  - 1667-5746

AB  - Marine mammals undergo cycles of tissue ischemia and reperfusion during the dive response. Reperfusion
injury can result in oxidative tissue damage and the activation of a pro-inflammatory immune response. The risk of
oxidative damage is reduced by antioxidants. Our hypothesis is that the reported higher antioxidant defenses within
marine mammal tissues provide additional protection in situations that produce oxidative stress, like inflammation, in
comparison to terrestrial mammal tissues. Leukocytes were isolated from the whole blood of Pacific bottlenose
dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus gilli</i>) and humans (<i>Homo sapiens</i>) and were exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 10 µg/mL)
<i>in vitro</i> to simulate a pro-inflammatory challenge. Oxidative stress indicators, including superoxide radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>)
production, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase
(GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as oxidative protein damage, were quantified by spectrophotometry.
Following 48 h under experimental conditions, bottlenose dolphin leukocytes produced 1.9 times more O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> but
displayed 2.0 times lower protein carbonyl concentrations compared to human leukocytes. Following 48 h under
experimental conditions, bottlenose dolphin leukocytes displayed 7.9, 2.0, 11.1, and 3.3 times more activities of CAT,
GPx, GR, and GST, respectively, compared to human leukocytes. These results suggest that, under cell culture conditions,
the antioxidant defenses in bottlenose dolphin leukocytes provide additional protection against pro-inflammatory
challenges in comparison to human leukocytes, likely as an adaptive advantage.
KW  - Antioxidant defenses
KW  -  Marine mammals
KW  -  Oxidative stress
KW  -  Reactive oxygen species
KW  -  White blood cells

DO  - 10.32604/biocell.2021.016302