@Article{biocell.2025.071119,
AUTHOR = {Ilhong Son, Sun Jung Han, Dong Hwan Ho},
TITLE = {Urinary Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Current Insights},
JOURNAL = {BIOCELL},
VOLUME = {49},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {12},
PAGES = {2283--2297},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/biocell/v49n12/65025},
ISSN = {1667-5746},
ABSTRACT = {The potential of urinary biomarkers to facilitate non-invasive monitoring of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a promising avenue, offering insights into the complex pathophysiology of the disease. The aggregation of α-synuclein, a central feature of PD, can be detected in urine, providing a diagnostic clue. Mutations in the LRRK2 gene, associated with increased kinase activity, can be estimated through the measurement of phosphorylated LRRK2 (pS1292) in urine. Oxidative stress, a hallmark of PD, is reflected in elevated levels of oxidized DJ-1 (oxDJ-1) in urine. Beyond these core biomarkers, other urinary components like DOPA decarboxylase, acetyl phenylalanine, tyrosine, kynurenine, and oxidized DNA (8-OHdG) are under investigation. These markers reflect diverse pathophysiological processes, including dopamine metabolism, amino acid alterations, and oxidative DNA damage, offering a more comprehensive understanding of PD progression. The potential clinical applications of these biomarkers are significant, including early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The development of a robust panel of urinary biomarkers has the potential to assist PD diagnosis and management, enabling earlier interventions and personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.},
DOI = {10.32604/biocell.2025.071119}
}