Open Access

ARTICLE

Incidence and natural history of neonatal isolated ventricular septal defects: Do we know everything? A 6-year single-center Italian experience follow-up

Alberto Cresti¹, Raffaele Giordano², Martin Koestenberger³, Isabella Spadoni⁴, Marco Scalese⁵, Ugo Limbruno¹, Susanna Falorini⁶, Stefania Stefanelli¹, Andrea Picchi¹, Francesco De Sensi¹, Angela Malandrino⁷, Massimiliano Cantinotti^4,5

1 Department of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
2 Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
3 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
4 Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Massa and Pisa, Italy
5 Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
6 Department of Pediatrics, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
7 Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

* Corresponding Author: Raffaele Giordano, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Email: