TY  - EJOU
AU  - Lin, Liangyu 
AU  - Feng, Li 
AU  - Huang, Lin 

TI  - Decentralized Sports Streaming Authorization: A Three-Layer Cryptographic Architecture for Live and On-Demand Access
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 
VL  - 
IS  - 
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - The modern sports streaming market is severely fragmented, forcing fans into costly, siloed platforms. While blockchain-based decentralized architectures offer a unified, interoperable sport streaming ecosystem, securely delivering commercial video over untrusted infrastructure remains a profound cryptographic challenge. Existing schemes fail to simultaneously support highly granular on-demand highlights and large scale dynamic live subscriptions. To resolve this, we propose a novel decentralized authorization architecture that systematically integrates existing cryptographic primitives into a decoupled three-layer protocol. By securely bridging on-chain state transitions with off-chain cryptographic enforcement, our architecture directly maps commercial payment workflows onto the underlying key evolution logic. The protocol leverages a top-down Binary Hash Tree for arbitrary-grained aggregated authorization of static highlights, while combining a salt-governed forward hash chain with dynamic Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption to achieve state-driven adaptive authorization for live streams. Rigorous theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations confirm the robust security and high efficiency of our proposed architecture.
KW  - Sports streaming media; decentralized authorization; end-to-end encrypted access control; revocation; blockchain

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2026.083047