TY  - EJOU
AU  - Gong, Daofu  
AU  - Chen, Yan  
AU  - Lu, Haoyu  
AU  - Li, Zhenyu  
AU  - Han, Yibing  

TI  - Self-embedding Image Watermarking based on Combined Decision Using Pre-offset and Post-offset Blocks
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2018
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - To detect and recover random tampering areas, a combined-decision-based self-embedding watermarking scheme is proposed herein. In this scheme, the image is first partitioned into 2×2 size blocks. Next, the high 5 bits of a block’s average value is embedded into its offset block. The tampering type of block is detected by comparing the watermarks of its pre-offset and post-offset blocks. The theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only has a lower ratio of false detection but also better performance with regard to avoiding random tampering.
KW  - Fragile watermarking
KW  -  self-embedding
KW  -  offset block
KW  -  tamper recovery
KW  -  random tampering

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2018.03781