@Article{cmc.2020.08027,
AUTHOR = {Yi Chen, Hongxia Wang, Xuyun Zhang},
TITLE = {Reversible Data Hiding Based on Run-Level Coding in  H.264/AVC Video Streams},
JOURNAL = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
VOLUME = {63},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {911--922},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/cmc/v63n2/38551},
ISSN = {1546-2226},
ABSTRACT = {This paper presents a reversible data hiding (RDH) method, which is designed 
by combining histogram modification (HM) with run-level coding in H.264/advanced 
video coding (AVC). In this scheme, the run-level is changed for embedding data into 
H.264/AVC video sequences. In order to guarantee the reversibility of the proposed 
scheme, the last nonzero quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in 
embeddable 4×4 blocks are shifted by the technology of histogram modification. The 
proposed scheme is realized after quantization and before entropy coding of H.264/AVC 
compression standard. Therefore, the embedded information can be correctly extracted at 
the decoding side. Peak-signal-noise-to-ratio (PSNR) and Structure similarity index
(SSIM), embedding payload and bit-rate variation are exploited to measure the 
performance of the proposed scheme. Experimental results have shown that the proposed 
scheme leads to less SSIM variation and bit-rate increase.},
DOI = {10.32604/cmc.2020.08027}
}