@Article{cmc.2020.010267,
AUTHOR = {V. Manikandan, M. Sivaram, Amin Salih Mohammed, V. Porkodi},
TITLE = {Nature Inspired Improved Firefly Algorithm for Node Clustering in WSNs},
JOURNAL = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
VOLUME = {64},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {753--776},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/cmc/v64n2/39328},
ISSN = {1546-2226},
ABSTRACT = {Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprises low power devices that are 
randomly distributed in a geographically isolated region. The energy consumption of nodes 
is an essential factor to be considered. Therefore, an improved energy management 
technique is designed in this investigation to reduce its consumption and to enhance the 
network’s lifetime. This can be attained by balancing energy clusters using a meta-heuristic 
Firefly algorithm model for network communication. This improved technique is based on 
the cluster head selection technique with measurement of the tour length of fireflies. Time 
Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheduler is also improved with the 
characteristics/behavior of fireflies and also executed. At last, the development approach 
shows the progression of the network lifetime, the total number of selected Cluster Heads
(CH), the energy consumed by nodes, and the number of packets transmitted. This 
approach is compared with Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic 
Source Routing (DSR) and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEAH) protocols. 
Simulation is performed in MATLAB with the numerical outcomes showing the efficiency 
of the proposed approach. The energy consumption of sensor nodes is reduced by about 
50% and increases the lifetime of nodes by 78% more than AODV, DSR and LEACH 
protocols. The parameters such as cluster formation, end to end delay, percentage of nodes
alive and packet delivery ratio, are also evaluated... The anticipated method shows better 
trade-off in contrast to existing techniques.},
DOI = {10.32604/cmc.2020.010267}
}