@Article{cmc.2020.011476,
AUTHOR = {Nawaf N. Hamadneh, Waqar A. Khan, Ilyas Khan},
TITLE = {Second Law Analysis and Optimization of Elliptical Pin Fin Heat  Sinks Using Firefly Algorithm},
JOURNAL = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
VOLUME = {65},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {1015--1032},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/cmc/v65n2/39860},
ISSN = {1546-2226},
ABSTRACT = {One of the most significant considerations in the design of a heat sink is thermal 
management due to increasing thermal flux and miniature in size. These heat sinks utilize 
plate or pin fins depending upon the required heat dissipation rate. They are designed to 
optimize overall performance. Elliptical pin fin heat sinks enhance heat transfer rates and 
reduce the pumping power. In this study, the Firefly Algorithm is implemented to optimize 
heat sinks with elliptical pin-fins. The pin-fins are arranged in an inline fashion. The natureinspired metaheuristic algorithm performs powerfully and efficiently in solving numerical 
global optimization problems. Based on mass, energy, and entropy balance, three models 
are developed for thermal resistance, hydraulic resistance, and entropy generation rate in 
the heat sink. The major axis is used as the characteristic length, and the maximum velocity 
is used as the reference velocity. The entropy generation rate comprises the combined effect 
of thermal resistance and pressure drop. The total EGR is minimized by utilizing the firefly 
algorithm. The optimization model utilizes analytical/empirical correlations for the heat 
transfer coefficients and friction factors. It is shown that both thermal resistance and 
pressure drop can be simultaneously optimized using this algorithm. It is demonstrated that 
the performance of FFA is much better than PPA.},
DOI = {10.32604/cmc.2020.011476}
}