@Article{cmc.2020.011151,
AUTHOR = {Fahd N. Al-Wesabi},
TITLE = {A Smart English Text Zero-Watermarking Approach Based on  Third-Level Order and Word Mechanism of Markov Model},
JOURNAL = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
VOLUME = {65},
YEAR = {2020},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {1137--1156},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/cmc/v65n2/39866},
ISSN = {1546-2226},
ABSTRACT = {Text information is principally dependent on the natural languages. Therefore, 
improving security and reliability of text information exchanged via internet network has 
become the most difficult challenge that researchers encounter. Content authentication and 
tampering detection of digital contents have become a major concern in the area of 
communication and information exchange via the Internet. In this paper, an intelligent text 
Zero-Watermarking approach SETZWMWMM (Smart English Text Zero-Watermarking 
Approach Based on Mid-Level Order and Word Mechanism of Markov Model) has been 
proposed for the content authentication and tampering detection of English text contents.
The SETZWMWMM approach embeds and detects the watermark logically without 
altering the original English text document. Based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM), 
Third level order of word mechanism is used to analyze the interrelationship between 
contexts of given English texts. The extracted features are used as a watermark information 
and integrated with digital zero-watermarking techniques. To detect eventual tampering, 
SETZWMWMM has been implemented and validated with attacked English text. 
Experiments were performed on four datasets of varying lengths under multiple random 
locations of insertion, reorder and deletion attacks. The experimental results show that our 
method is more sensitive and efficient for all kinds of tampering attacks with high level 
accuracy of tampering detection than compared methods.},
DOI = {10.32604/cmc.2020.011151}
}