@Article{cmc.2021.016682,
AUTHOR = {Yihuai Liang, Yan Li, Byeong-Seok Shin},
TITLE = {Distributed Trusted Computing for Blockchain-Based Crowdsourcing},
JOURNAL = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
VOLUME = {68},
YEAR = {2021},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {2825--2842},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/cmc/v68n3/42482},
ISSN = {1546-2226},
ABSTRACT = {A centralized trusted execution environment (TEE) has been extensively studied to provide secure and trusted computing. However, a TEE might become a throughput bottleneck if it is used to evaluate data quality when collecting large-scale data in a crowdsourcing system. It may also have security problems compromised by attackers. Here, we propose a scheme, named dTEE, for building a platform for providing distributed trusted computing by leveraging TEEs. The platform is used as an infrastructure of trusted computations for blockchain-based crowdsourcing systems, especially to securely evaluate data quality and manage remuneration: these operations are handled by a TEE group. First, dTEE uses a public blockchain with smart contracts to manage TEEs without reliance on any trusted third parties. Second, to update TEE registration information and rule out zombie TEEs, dTEE uses a reporting mechanism. To attract TEE owners to join in and provide service of trusted computations, it uses a fair monetary incentive mechanism. Third, to account for malicious attackers, we design a model with Byzantine fault tolerance, not limited to a crash-failure model. Finally, we conduct an extensive evaluation of our design on a local cluster. The results show that dTEE finishes evaluating 10,000 images within one minute and achieves about 65 <i>tps</i> throughput when evaluating Sudoku solution data with collective signatures both in a group of 120 TEEs.},
DOI = {10.32604/cmc.2021.016682}
}