@Article{cmc.2024.058144,
AUTHOR = {Samsul Huda, Yasuyuki Nogami, Maya Rahayu, Takuma Akada, Md. Biplob Hossain, Muhammad Bisri Musthafa, Yang Jie, Le Hoang Anh},
TITLE = {IoT-Enabled Plant Monitoring System with Power Optimization and Secure Authentication},
JOURNAL = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
VOLUME = {81},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {3165--3187},
URL = {http://www.techscience.com/cmc/v81n2/58681},
ISSN = {1546-2226},
ABSTRACT = {Global food security is a pressing issue that affects the stability and well-being of communities worldwide. While
existing Internet of Things (IoT) enabled plant monitoring systems have made significant strides in agricultural
monitoring, they often face limitations such as high power consumption, restricted mobility, complex deployment
requirements, and inadequate security measures for data access. This paper introduces an enhanced IoT application
for agricultural monitoring systems that address these critical shortcomings. Our system strategically combines
power efficiency, portability, and secure access capabilities, assisting farmers in monitoring and tracking crop
environmental conditions. The proposed system includes a remote camera that captures images of surrounding
plants and a sensor module that regularly monitors various environmental factors, including temperature, humidity,
and soil moisture. We implement power management strategies to minimize energy consumption compared to
existing solutions. Unlike conventional systems, our implementation utilizes the Amazon Web Services (AWS)
cloud platform for reliable data storage and processing while incorporating comprehensive security measures,
including Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) and JSON Web Tokens (JWT), features often overlooked in current
agricultural IoT solutions. Users can access this secure monitoring system via a developed Android application,
providing convenient mobile access to the gathered plant data.We validate our system’s advantages by implementing
it with two potted garlic plants on Okayama University’s rooftop. Our evaluation demonstrates high sensor reliability, with strong correlations between sensor readings and reference data, achieving determination coefficients (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>)
of 0.979 for temperature and 0.750 for humidity measurements. The implemented power management strategies
extend battery life to 10 days on a single charge, significantly outperforming existing systems that typically require
daily recharging. Furthermore, our dual-layer security implementation utilizing 2FA and JWT successfully protects
sensitive agricultural data from unauthorized access.},
DOI = {10.32604/cmc.2024.058144}
}