TY  - EJOU
AU  - Alsalmi, Eman 
AU  - Alhuzali, Abeer 
AU  - Alhothali, Areej 

TI  - Log-Based Anomaly Detection of System Logs Using Graph Neural Network
T2  - Computers, Materials \& Continua

PY  - 2026
VL  - 86
IS  - 2
SN  - 1546-2226

AB  - Log anomaly detection is essential for maintaining the reliability and security of large-scale networked systems. Most traditional techniques rely on log parsing in the reprocessing stage and utilize handcrafted features that limit their adaptability across various systems. In this study, we propose a hybrid model, BertGCN, that integrates BERT-based contextual embedding with Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to identify anomalies in raw system logs, thereby eliminating the need for log parsing. The BERT module captures semantic representations of log messages, while the GCN models the structural relationships among log entries through a text-based graph. This combination enables BertGCN to capture both the contextual and semantic characteristics of log data. BertGCN showed excellent performance on the HDFS and BGL datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness and resilience in detecting anomalies. Compared to multiple baselines, our proposed BertGCN showed improved precision, recall, and F1 scores.
KW  - Log anomaly detection; BERT; graph convolutional network; system logs; explainable anomaly detection

DO  - 10.32604/cmc.2025.071012